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ROMAN NUMERALS

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Basic Principles

When a small number comes before a larger number, the smaller number is subtracted.  .

e.g. 4 = IV  (i.e. 5 - 1) 

 

When a smaller number follows a larger one, the two are added together.

e.g. 6 = VI (i.e. 5 + 1)]

 

When a letter is repeated is repeats its value -

e.g.       XX = 10 + 10            XXX = 10 + 10 + 10

 

The letters V, L and D are never repeated as X, C and M serve that purpose.

e.g. 10 = X not VV     100 = C not LL      1000 = M not DD

 

A dash line over a numeral multiplies its value by 1000 -

        __
e.g.  = 10,000  

 

 

I

1

II

2

III

3

IV

4

V

5

VI

6

VII

7

VIII

8

IX

9

X

10

XI

11

XII

12

XIII

13

XIV

14

XV

15

XVI

16

XVII

17

XVIII

18

XIX

19

XX

20

XXX

30

XL

40

L

50

LX

60

LXX

70

LXXX

80

XC

90

C

100

CC 200
CD 400
D

500

DC 600
DCC 700
DCCC 800
CM 900
M

1000

MM

2000

MMI

2001

V 5,000
X 10,000
L 50,000
C 100,000
D 500,000
M 1,000,000

 

A bar across the top of the letter increases the number 1,000 times.

 

 

 

 

 

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